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2-3 STRUCTURAL INDICATORS ON NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Unit: ％ |  |  |  |
Item | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1998
Population and Employment |  |  |  |
Population |  |  |  |
Urban and Rural Structure |  |  |  |
Urban | 23.7 | 26.4 | 29.0 | 30.4
Rural | 76.3 | 73.6 | 71.0 | 69.6
Sexual Structure |  |  |  |
Male | 51.7 | 51.5 | 51.0 | 51.0
Female | 48.3 | 48.5 | 49.0 | 49.0
Employment |  |  |  |
Industrial Structure |  |  |  |
Primary Industry | 62.4 | 60.1 | 52.2 | 49.8
Secondary Industry | 20.9 | 21.4 | 23.0 | 23.5
Tertiary Industry | 16.7 | 18.5 | 24.8 | 26.7
Macro Economy |  |  |  |
National Accounting |  |  |  |
Industrial Structure |  |  |  |
Primary Industry | 28.4 | 27.1 | 20.5 | 18.4
Secondary Industry | 43.1 | 41.6 | 48.8 | 48.7
Tertiary Industry | 28.5 | 31.3 | 30.7 | 32.9
Investment |  |  |  |
Structure of Total Investment in Fixed Assets |  |  |  |
Capital Construction | 42.2 | 37.7 | 37.0 | 42.0
Innovation | 17.7 | 18.4 | 16.5 | 15.9
Real Estate Development | - | 5.6 | 15.7 | 12.7
Other Investment | 40.1 | 38.3 | 30.8 | 29.4
Structure of Funded Sources |  |  |  |
State Budgetary Appropriation | 16.0 | 8.7 | 3.0 | 4.2
Domestic Loans | 20.1 | 19.6 | 20.5 | 19.3
Foreign Investment | 3.6 | 6.3 | 11.2 | 9.1
Fundraising | 60.3 | 65.4 | 65.3 | 67.4
Government Finance |  |  |  |
Structure of Government Revenue |  |  |  |
Central Government | 38.4 | 33.8 | 52.2 | 49.5
Local Governments | 61.6 | 66.2 | 47.8 | 50.5
Structure of Government Expenditures |  |  |  |
Central Government | 39.7 | 32.6 | 29.2 | 28.9
Local Governments | 60.3 | 67.4 | 70.8 | 71.1
Utilization of Foreign Capital |  |  |  |
Structure of Foreign Capital Actually Utilized |  |  |  |
Loans from Abroad | 57.8 | 63.5 | 21.5 | 18.8
Direct Investment by Foreign Entrepreneurs | 35.7 | 33.9 | 77.9 | 77.6
Other Investment by Foreign Entrepreneurs | 6.4 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 3.6
Energy Production and Consumption |  |  |  |
Structure of Total Energy Production |  |  |  |
Coal | 72.8 | 74.2 | 75.3 | 72.0
Petroleum crude Oil | 20.9 | 19.0 | 16.6 | 18.5
Natural Gas | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.4
Hydropower | 4.3 | 4.8 | 6.2 | 7.1
Structure of Total Energy Consumption |  |  |  |
Coal | 75.8 | 76.2 | 74.6 | 71.6
Petroleum Oil | 17.1 | 16.6 | 17.5 | 19.8
Natural Gas | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.1
Hydropower | 4.9 | 5.1 | 6.1 | 6.5
Industrial |  |  |  |
Agriculture |  |  |  |
Structure of Gross Output Value |  |  |  |
Farming | 69.3 | 64.7 | 58.4 | 58.1
Forestry | 5.2 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 3.5
Animal Husbandry | 22.1 | 25.7 | 29.7 | 28.5
Fishery | 3.5 | 5.4 | 8.4 | 9.9
Industry |  |  |  |
Structure of Gross Output Value of Industry |  |  |  |
Light Industry | 47.1 | 49.4 | 47.3 | 49.3
Heavy Industry | 52.9 | 50.6 | 52.7 | 50.7
Construction |  |  |  |
Structure of Gross Output Value of Construction Enterprises |  |  |  |
Civil Engineering Construction |  |  | 86.8 | 87.7
Line and Equipment Installation |  |  | 11.0 | 9.2
Building Decoration |  |  | 2.2 | 3.1
Transportation |  |  |  |
Structure of Freight Traffic |  |  |  |
By Means of Transportation |  |  |  |
Railways | 17.5 | 15.5 | 13.4 | 12.8
Highways | 72.1 | 74.6 | 76.2 | 77.2
Waterways | 8.5 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 8.7
Civil Aviation | ... | ... | 0.0 | 0.0
Pipelines | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.4
Domestic Trade |  |  |  |
Composition of Retail Sales of Consumer Goods |  |  |  |
Cities | 49.3 | 53.6 | 60.0 | 61.1
Counties | 19.4 | 18.4 | 14.2 | 12.6
Below Counties | 31.3 | 28.0 | 25.8 | 26.3
Foreign Trade |  |  |  |
Structure of Exports |  |  |  |
Primary Goods | 50.6 | 25.6 | 14.4 | 11.2
Manufactured Goods | 49.4 | 74.4 | 85.6 | 88.8
Structure of Imports |  |  |  |
Primary Goods | 12.5 | 18.5 | 18.5 | 16.4
Manufactured Goods | 87.5 | 81.5 | 81.5 | 83.6
International Tourism |  |  |  |
Structure of Tourists |  |  |  |
Foreigners | 7.7 | 6.4 | 12.7 | 11.2
Overseas Chinese | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2
Compatriots form Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan | 91.8 | 93.3 | 87.1 | 88.6
Finance and Insurance |  |  |  |
Structure of Sources of Funds in State Banks |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  |  | 86.7
Bonds |  |  |  | 0.1
Debt from International Financial Institutions |  |  |  | 0.2
Currency in Circulation |  |  |  | 10.1
Others |  |  |  | 3.0
Structure of Fund Uses in State Banks |  |  |  |
Loans |  |  |  | 78.4
Securities and Investment |  |  |  | 7.3
Capital in International Financial Institutions |  |  |  | 0.4
Purchase of Gold and Silver |  |  |  | ...
Purchase of Foreign Exchanges |  |  |  | 12.4
Government Debt |  |  |  | 1.4
Education, Science and Culture |  |  |  |
Education |  |  |  |
Structure of Student Enrollment |  |  |  |
College and University Students | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.6
Secondary School Students | 27.3 | 29.1 | 31.5 | 33.9
Primary School Students | 71.8 | 69.7 | 67.1 | 64.5
Full-time Teachers by Type |  |  |  |
College and Universities | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.9
Secondary Schools | 34.2 | 36.9 | 39.0 | 40.9
Primary Schools | 61.9 | 59.0 | 56.9 | 55.2
Science and Technology |  |  |  |
Structure of Funding for Scientific and Technological Expenditure |  |  |  |
Fundraising |  |  | 44.2 | 50.8
Loans from Banks |  |  | 13.2 | 13.3
Structure of Internal Expenditures on Scientific and Technological Activities |  |  |  |
#Service Fees |  |  | 21.0 | 20.9
Purchases of Fixed Assets |  |  | 28.5 | 27.0
#Research and Development Expenses |  |  | 41.3 | 48.8
Family, People's Livelihood and Environment |  |  |  |
People's Livelihood |  |  |  |
Consumption Structure of Urban Residents |  |  |  |
Food | 52.2 | 54.2 | 49.9 | 44.5
Clothing | 14.6 | 13.4 | 13.5 | 11.1
Articles for Daily Use and Others | 28.4 | 27.6 | 29.5 | 35.0
Residence | 4.8 | 4.8 | 7.1 | 9.4
Consumption Structure of Rural Residents |  |  |  |
Food | 57.8 | 58.8 | 58.6 | 53.4
Clothing | 9.7 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 6.2
Articles for Daily Use and Others | 14.2 | 16.1 | 20.6 | 25.3
Residence | 18.2 | 17.3 | 13.9 | 15.1
Social Welfare |  |  |  |
Structure of Insurance Contribution and Welfare Funds of Stuff and Workers |  |  |  |
State-owned Units | 82.5 | 82.9 | 83.9 | 83.2
Urban Collective Owned Units | 17.1 | 16.3 | 12.5 | 9.7
Others | 0.4 | 0.8 | 3.7 | 7.0
Structure of Retired Staff and Workers |  |  |  |
State-owned Units | 71.2 | 75.7 | 77.6 | 77.4
Urban Collective Owned Units | 28.5 | 24.6 | 20.1 | 16.8
Others | 0.3 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 5.7
Health Care |  |  |  |
Doctors by Type |  |  |  |
Doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine | 23.8 | 20.9 | 18.7 | 17.0
Doctors of Western Medicine | 42.6 | 60.0 | 61.8 | 62.4
Paramedics of Western Medicine | 33.5 | 18.8 | 19.0 | 20.1
Hospital Beds by Area |  |  |  |
Hospitals at City Level | 43.2 | 52.9 | 61.3 | 64.2
Hospitals at County Level | 56.8 | 47.1 | 38.7 | 35.8
Environment and Disasters |  |  |  |
Uses of Funds in Pollution Treatment |  |  |  |
Waste Water Treatment | 44.6 | 47.6 | 46.2 | 58.7
Waste Gas Treatment | 32.4 | 32.6 | 33.6 | 26.5
Solid Wastes Treatment | 9.0 | 11.2 | 14.2 | 7.1
Noise Abatement | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 0.6
Others | 11.7 | 6.0 | 3.8 | 7.1
Structure of Fire Losses Converted into Cash |  |  |  |
Extraordinarily Serious Fires | 41.4 | 35.1 | 35.8 | 20.0
Serious Fires | 33.4 | 27.8 | 38.3 | 16.6
Ordinary Fires | 25.2 | 37.2 | 25.9 | 63.4
Structure of Losses of Traffic Accidents Converted into Cash |  |  |  |
Extraordinarily Serious Accidents | 18.0 | 12.5 | 11.8 | 10.6
Serious Accidents | 14.6 | 19.8 | 22.0 | 20.8
Ordinary Accidents | 67.4 | 67.7 | 66.2 | 68.8