潠猁佽隴

Brief Introduction

Data in this chapter show the development of China＊s education and the basic conditions on China＊s scientific and technological development.

I. Main Content and Sources of Data on Education

Data on education cover the situations on education of postgraduates, higher education (universities and colleges), secondary education (senior and junior high schools), elementary education (primary schools), preschool education, special education (schools for the blind, deaf-mutes and mentally retarded) and their expenditure. The main indicators include the number of schools, the number of students enrolled, the number of new students enrolled, the number of graduates, the number of staff and workers, the number of full-time teachers, sources and outlay of education funding, and education expenditure from the State budget.

The Ministry of Education provides statistical data on education undertakings and education funding. Data on technical training schools are provided by the Ministry of Labour and Social Security.

Detailed information can be found in ※Statistical Yearbook on China＊s Educational Undertakings§ compiled by Department of Planning and Development, Ministry of Education; and the ※Communiqu谷 on the Implementation of National Education Funding§ compiled jointly by Ministry of Education, National Bureau of Statistics and Ministry of Finance.

II. Main Contents, Sources of Data and Statistical Methodology on Science and Technology

Data on technology mainly include: data on scientific and technological activities refer to institutions in the entire society engaged in those activities. They are mainly: enterprises, scientific and technological institutions with independent accounting system, universities and colleges, small industrial enterprises above designated size, the construction enterprises of the first grade, transportation and telecommunication enterprises at or above prefecture level, agricultural and health care institutions at or above prefecture level, enterprises engaged in software development, units engaged in scientific and technological services and so on.

Sources of data: data on national level, various enterprises, medical and health care institutions and agricultural undertakings are from National Bureau of Statistics; data on scientific and technological research institutions, technological markets and high and new-tech industrial zones are from Ministry of Science and Technology; data on scientific and technological activities in universities and colleges are from Ministry of Education; data on scientific research institutions for defense are from Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense. Department of Organization of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and National Bureau of Statistics provide the data on the number of scientific and technological personnel. The China Association for Science and Technology provides data on the scientific and technological activities of associations for science and technology. Data on the development of mapping, meteorology, seismology, ocean, product quality assurance and patents are provided separately by the National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, China Meteorological Administration, China Seismological Bureau, National Bureau of Marine Administration, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and State Intellectual Property Office.

Statistical methodology: data on industrial enterprises, scientific and technological institutions under government departments and scientific and technological activities of universities and colleges are collected through complete surveys. Data on scientific and technological associations, mapping, meteorology, seismology, ocean, product quality assurance and patent applications are through sample surveys and other surveys. Data on construction, transportation, telecommunication, software industry, agriculture and health care are from rotational sampling systems with 5 years as one cycle.

Changes of the statistical coverage of data on scientific and technological activities: before 2000, data only included large and medium-sized industrial enterprises, scientific research institutions under government departments, and universities and colleges. Since 2000 (inclusive), data further include: small industrial enterprises, construction sector, transportation sector, telecommunication sector, software sector, agriculture and health care agencies.